Learn The Basics Of The Game Of Soccer

The game of soccer is played in two halves, the lengths varying between age groups, but professionals, college and high school play two 45 minute halves. The most obvious rules to soccer are that the game is played between two teams, consisting of nine players and a goalie. The players on each team are divided into offense and defense, and are only allowed to play the soccer ball with their feet. The main objective in soccer is to kick the ball into the opposing teams? goal, scoring a point, or a goal. Only the goalie is allowed to use either his or her hands as well as feet.

Soccer players will often practice ?juggling?, which is a skill that consists of keeping the ball in the air through the use of the feet, knees, thighs, head, or chest, all legal places on the body to control the ball. The use of the hands or the arm will result in the opposing team taking possession of the ball.

When a player on one of the teams kicks or knocks the ball out of bounds on the two long sides of the soccer field, the opposing team them takes possession of ball by doing a ?throw-in?, in which both of the feet must remain on the ground while the player throws the soccer ball back into play. If the soccer ball is kicked out of bounds over the line of their own goal, it then results in a ?corner kick? where the opposite team takes the ball to the corresponding corner and kicks the ball back into play to one of their teammates. However, if the team kicks the ball out of bounds over the goal line of the opposing teams? goal, the play will then turn to a ?goal kick? taken by one of the defensive players of that team.

?Fouls? are called under a number of circumstances. A few of them are when a player touches the ball with his hand or arm, if a player slide tackles another player, excessive pushing, tripping or force, unsportsmanlike conduct, or off-sides (when the offense of one team is closer to the goal they are trying to score on than that teams? defense; unless the ball was there first). In these circumstances, the referee will generally call the ball dead in the spot where the foul occurred, and give the opposite team a ?free kick?.

In the case that the regulation time of the soccer runs out while the score is still tied, it will often result in a ?shootout? where the goalie of one team is up against a single player from the opposing team. The first one to score a goal wins the game.

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How To Find A Top Quality Soccer Ball

It is widely considered the most popular game on earth. Played by millions of people from nearly every walk of life, and in nearly every nation, soccer ? football or futbol as it is commonly known beyond the borders of the United States ? is a sport that can be played by nearly anyone. Aside from the skills needed to maneuver the ball using your body, but not your hands ? except for the goal keeper ? soccer owes much of its international appeal to the fact that all you need to play is an open space and a single ball.

The mountains of equipment needed to play other sports ? like tennis, golf, baseball, American football, and so many others ? are an anathema to the soccer player. It is the ball, and only the ball, that one needs to play the game. But the soccer ball is not a generic item; there are many kinds of soccer balls on the market, and each has its own characteristics that differentiate it from the other balls.

At first glance it is hard to tell one soccer ball from another. Usually constructed in the same distinctive style, the trademark pentagonal and hexagonal panels make a soccer ball instantly recognizable. However, when you are trying to tell the difference between one ball and another, the first place to start is the cover.

In the past, full grain leather was used to make a top quality soccer ball, but real leather tends to absorb water easily, and a wet ball is a heavy ball that plays much differently than it was intended to play. Today, the first quality soccer balls are constructed from synthetic leather. Although there are many variations of synthetic leather, they are generally all a derivative of polyurethane or poly vinyl chloride. The best balls ? those used in competition and by professionals ? are almost always made of the polyurethane construction, while inexpensive practice balls are more likely to be poly vinyl chloride.

The way the panels of the soccer ball are stitched together is another indication of the quality of the ball. A high quality ball is going to be hand stitched with polyester cord or Kevlar reinforced polyester. Hand stitching allows the panels to be sewn tighter, which makes for a stronger and longer lasting soccer ball. Second-tier soccer balls are usually stitched as well, but the stitching is done by machine so it lacks the uncompromising quality that a hand stitched ball will possess. Inexpensive balls are usually not stitched at all, and instead are held together by gluing the panels onto the lining of the ball.

Soccer balls come in different sizes as well: Size 3, Size 4, and Size 5. Size 3 balls are the smallest balls and are typically used by players under the age of eight. Size 4 balls are the next size up, and players between the ages of eight and twelve use this size of ball. Size 5 balls are the standard size for adult play and are the standard size balls for all international play.

When shopping for a soccer ball it is important to have an eye for its size and construction. If you are unsure that the ball you are considering is of good quality, look to see if the ball is approved by either FIFA or NFHS. FIFA, F?d?ration Internationale de Football Association, and NFHS, the National Federation of State High School Association, both approve balls that meet the strict specifications that are outlined by each organization. If you purchase a ball that is approved by either governing body then you are almost assured of a ball that is of high quality in both construction and performance.

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Soccer Injuries - Head To Toe

Soccer is a very popular sport both locally and worldwide. References to the sport go as far back as 200 BC in China and around 4 BC in Greece. However, soccer as you and I know it did not have a formal set of rules set down until 1848 at Cambridge University.

Soccer is a very physically demanding sport, thus making those who participate vulnerable to injury. The National Athletic Trainers Association (NATA) has done various studies on injury rates in high schools athletics, including soccer. It was found that most injuries in soccer occur to the ankles and feet, followed closely by the hip, thigh and leg area. Common injuries include ligament sprains/tears, muscle strains, contusions (bruises), cartilage tears (more common in the knee) and fractures. Higher percentages of injuries occur while kicking and when engaging in controlled pattern activity. Injury rates were higher at different positions as well. Halfbacks had the highest rate of injury where the goalkeeper had the lowest. Interestingly, soccer was the only sport studied that had more injuries during games than in practice. The statistics are very similar when comparing males and females in respect to the above information.

Head injuries are also of some concern. Studies by the NATA have shown that ball velocities can reach speeds up to 100km/hr (62 mph). However, most situations in which a player will head the ball would be at speeds slower than 100km/hr. Average speed from a punt is 70km/hr (43 mph) and a drop kick or goal kick 85 km/hr (53 mph). Most opportunities to head a ball are at velocities less than 65 km/hr (40 mph).

Where the ball strikes the head and how the player strikes the ball are also of importance. Head-ball contacts that occur on the side of the head or the forehead of an unprepared player can lead to ?whiplash? like injuries. It is recommended that contact be made at or near the hairline. Although the evidence is not conclusive that repetitive head shots cause significant impairments in the long term, it is still worthy of precaution.

It is no secret that preventing injuries is preferred. With the higher demands on young athletes today, off-season training including weight training and general conditioning is an important step towards preventing in-season injuries. A 15 minute warm-up before practice and games and a brief cool-down period is also recommended. Rest and fluid breaks are important as well. Protective gear such as mouthpieces and shin-guards can be very helpful. There are even various types of headgear that can be worn to protect the head.

While we all get bumps and bruises, more serious injuries that involve high levels of pain, swelling and loss of function should be evaluated by your physician. Your physician may refer you to physical therapy for treatment. Your Excel physical therapist can guide you through a rehabilitation program to get you back on the playing field as quickly and safely as possible. Best of luck to all athletes this spring season!

Brent Todd is a Physical Therapist at Excel Physical Therapy of Nebraska. You can read more articles on Physical Therapy by subscribing to the free quarterly newsletter at http://www.excelpt.com

Soccer Rules-Fouls- Jumping

On a soccer field, most acts are fouls only by degree, becoming fouls only if done in an unfair manner. Players often bump into each other while running, or push past each while each is trying to avoid a collision. They may tussle over the ball, or leap to head a long pass and collide another player who is trying to do the same thing. They may kick at the ball and narrowly miss kicking their opponent?s shin. All of these actions are just part of the game, and most bodily contact is quite incidental to the players? attempts to win the ball.

Inevitably, though, players will mistime kicks, misjudge jumps, or overestimate the body?s ability to do what the brain encouraging it to do. It is up to the referee to decide when those actions will exceed the bounds of fair play.

Jumping
Players jumping to play the ball are often among the most exciting parts of a soccer game. Players jumping at their opponents, though, are committing in foul play and can cause serious injuries. As with most other fouls, jumping during the course of play is not a foul by itself. It only becomes a foul if done carelessly, recklessly, or with excessive force.

The referee has three main ways of judging players going airborne: watching their eyes, their arms, and their angle of flight. These clues can signal whether a jumping player is exercising due care in executing a leap, or whether one or both of them is being careless. Unfortunately, players aren?t always as careful as they should be...and when two players are both trying to make up in enthusiasm what they lack in positioning, the resulting collision can end up badly for one or both of them.

Like many other actions on the soccer field, jumping is a neutral act by itself. If done carelessly, it will be a foul. And if done in a manner calculated to injure another player, it will result in a caution and yellow card---or, in an extreme case, in a red card and send-off.

Jeffrey Caminsky, a veteran public prosecutor in Michigan, specializes in the appellate practice of criminal law and writes on a wide range of topics. Both his science fiction adventure novel The Star Dancers, the first volume in the Guardians of Peace (tm) science fiction adventure series, and The Referee?s Survival Guide, a book on soccer officiating, are published by New Alexandria Press, http://www.newalexandriapress.com.